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Augmented Reality Graph Visualizations

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  • Wolfgang Büschel (M.Sc.), Prof. Dr.-Ing. Raimund Dachselt

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3D Node-link diagrams are an important class of visualization for immersive analysis. Yet, there is little knowledge on how to design them to support efficient analysis. In two user studies we examined the design space for edge styles in Augmented Reality graph visualization.

AR graph vis

Table of Contents

  1. Summary
  2. Link Attributes for Network Visualization
  3. Visual Styles in 3D Node-Link Diagrams
  4. Related Publications
  5. Related Student Theses

Summary

Augmented Reality (AR) technologies can provide immersive, stereoscopic experiences in 3D without losing the connection to the environment or other people. Thus, it has a strong potential for collaboration among experts while integrating real world environments and virtual content. With new, complex AR systems for use cases such as maintenance assistance or cyber physical production systems, the need to visualize relations between both real objects and virtual parts of the AR scene will increase. Examples for such relations are computer networks integrated into the environment, information flows in a smart home, and many more. Typically, they are visualized as 3D node-link diagrams. However, as of yet, there has been little research on how to design immersive AR node-link visualizations. In this project we focus on how to design visualizations for edges specifically. So far, we conducted two studies in which we examined which visual variables are most suitable and how different edge styles perform compared to each other.

Link Attributes for Network Visualization

One specific use case of immersive 3D node-link diagrams is the visualization of network connections and their edge attributes, e. g., to show link capacity or connectivity in LAN or IoT networks. So far, however, there has been very little research on which visual variables to use. We implemented eight link variants and report on the findings of an initial study in which we compared these different visual variables for edge attributes in 3D AR node-link diagrams. The variants/edge styles that we compared in our study were color, geometric primitives, curvature, stippling patterns, blinking, alternating stippling, animated stippling, and animated segments.

AR network visualization

Study Results

study results AR network visualization
study results AR network visualization
Average aesthetics ratings for the different variants (left) and average suitability ratings for the different variants for both nominal and ordinal data

Visual Styles in 3D Node-Link Diagrams

In a second study, we examined edge variants for immersive 3D node-link diagrams in more detail. Based on a review of the design space for such edge styles and considering the results from our initial study, we conducted two independent, controlled lab experiments. In the first experiment, we examined undirected edges, in the second we concentrated on directed edges. We decided for geometry as a dominant factor in the edge design and tested six different variants including straight, curved, and stippled/dashed as undirected variants and animated, glyph-based, and tapered edges as directed styles.
AR node-link visualization

Study Results

study results AR node-link visualization
study results AR node-link visualization
Results of the undirected edges (left) and directed edges (right). a) Mean task completion times in seconds, b) user ratings for suitability, c) user ratings for aesthetics. Higher ratings are better. Error bars show 95% confidence intervals.

Related Publications

  • Augmented Reality Graph Visualizations: Investigation of Visual Styles in 3D Node-Link Diagrams.

    Büschel, W.; Vogt, S.; Dachselt, R.;

    In IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications (Band 39, Nummer 3).IEEE,29-40,2019.10.1109/MCG.2019.2897927

    • Article
    • Slides
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    • BibTeX

    @article{,
       author = {Wolfgang B\"{u}schel and Stefan Vogt and Raimund Dachselt},
       title = {Augmented Reality Graph Visualizations: Investigation of Visual Styles in 3D Node-Link Diagrams},
       journal = {IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications},
       volume = {39},
       number = {3},
       year = {2019},
       month = {2},
       isbn = {0272-1716},
       pages = {29--40},
       numpages = {12},
       doi = {10.1109/MCG.2019.2897927},
       url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/MCG.2019.2897927},
       publisher = {IEEE}
    }

  • Investigating Link Attributes of Graph Visualizations in Mobile Augmented Reality.

    Büschel, W.; Vogt, S.; Dachselt, R.;

    In CHI 2018 Workshop on Data Visualization on Mobile Devices.MobileVis ’18, Montreal, QC, Canada.2018.Links: Workshop Website.

    • Workshop Paper
    • BibTeX

    @inproceedings{Bueschel2018b,
       author = {Wolfgang B\"{u}schel and Stefan Vogt and Raimund Dachselt},
       title = {Investigating Link Attributes of Graph Visualizations in Mobile Augmented Reality},
       booktitle = {CHI 2018 Workshop on Data Visualization on Mobile Devices},
       series = {CHI '18},
       year = {2018},
       month = {4},
       location = {Montreal, QC, Canada}
    }

Related Student Theses

  • Stefan Vogt

    Untersuchung der Kantendarstellung in räumlichen Visualisierungen von 3D-Node-Link-Diagrammen

    Stefan Vogt 9. Oktober 2017 bis 8. April 2018

    Betreuung: Wolfgang Büschel, Raimund Dachselt

  • Sinthujan Thanabalasingam

    Mobile 3D-Netzwerkvisualisierung in Augmented-Reality-Umgebungen

    Sinthujan Thanabalasingam 21. November 2016 bis 5. Februar 2017

    Betreuung: Wolfgang Büschel, Raimund Dachselt

  • Georg Eckert

    Mobile Visualisierung von Netzwerkstrukturen in Augmented-Reality-Umgebungen

    Georg Eckert 4. April 2016 bis 26. Juni 2016

    Betreuung: Wolfgang Büschel, Raimund Dachselt

  • Stefan Vogt

    Untersuchung von 3D-Node-Link-Diagrammen zur Visualisierung von Virtual Private Networks

    Stefan Vogt 13. Februar 2017 bis 12. Juni 2017

    Betreuung: Wolfgang Büschel, Raimund Dachselt

  • Forschung
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  • Augmented Reality Graph Visualizations

Letzte Änderung: Mittwoch, 13. Februar 2019 um 15:48

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